Friedrich Merz was inaugurated as Germany’s 10th postwar chancellor on Tuesday, following a tumultuous parliamentary vote that could hinder his agenda to revitalize the slumping economy, tighten borders, and strengthen the military amid increasing European demand for German leadership.
After ten weeks as the expected leader following his party's victory in February elections, Mr. Merz fell short by six votes in the morning's initial vote, an unprecedented failure in modern German history. The secret ballot obscured the reasons for this setback, but speculation suggested that individual protest votes contributed to the outcome.
Mr. Merz, aged 69, managed to secure victory on a second ballot later in the day. However, his initial defeat raised concerns about his credibility both domestically and internationally, with critics from the far left and right arguing that he had lost legitimacy.
Political analysts noted that the initial setback could complicate Mr. Merz's ability to assert authority globally and to enact critical legislation. He faces challenges including President Trump’s tariff threats, a struggling economy, and an aggressive Russia to the east.
Cathryn Clüver Ashbrook, a senior vice president at Bertelsmann Stiftung, remarked that the delayed election could indicate challenging times ahead, as voter trust in policymakers declines. Observers noted that dissenting votes likely came from within Mr. Merz’s own coalition, which comprises the Christian Democrats, the Christian Social Union, and the Social Democrats.
Despite the morning's troubles, the coalition united in the afternoon, leading to Mr. Merz gaining 15 additional votes to secure the position. Vice Chancellor Lars Klingbeil emphasized the importance of a stable government in Germany.
Post-election discussions revealed that lawmakers had likely protested against Mr. Merz and Mr. Klingbeil due to compromises made in coalition negotiations. However, after coalition leaders' appeals, the dissent largely dissipated by the second vote.
As chancellor, Mr. Merz confronts significant challenges, including a stagnant economy and external pressures from the U.S. and Russia. He will need to tackle immigration concerns that have heightened in light of recent violent incidents linked to immigrants and defend against the rising support for the far-right Alternative for Germany party.
Following his election, Mr. Merz quickly initiated the transition into his leadership role, participating in ceremonial duties and planning a cabinet meeting that evening. He is scheduled to meet with international allies in Paris, Warsaw, Ukraine, and Brussels, with a subsequent visit to Washington planned.
The unexpected events in Germany's Parliament raised concerns among European leaders regarding the implications for continental stability. Kaja Kallas, the EU’s high representative for foreign affairs, underscored the necessity for a strong government in Berlin, highlighting the broader impact of German politics on Europe.
The initial vote caused a decline in German stocks, signaling unease about Mr. Merz's agenda for economic revitalization, although shares recovered somewhat following his successful second ballot. A sense of relief was palpable among lawmakers after his election, as bipartisan congratulations flowed in, including from former Chancellor Olaf Scholz.
Post-vote sentiments indicated readiness among lawmakers to commence their legislative responsibilities promptly.